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Neurons: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System

Definition of Neurons

Neurons, also known as nerve cells, are the fundamental units of the nervous system. They are excitable cells that transmit electrical signals called action potentials, enabling communication within the brain and throughout the body.

Types of Neurons

Based on their functions, neurons can be classified into three classes: 1. Sensory Neurons: Receive sensory input from the environment and transmit it to the central nervous system. 2. Motor Neurons: Carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and other organs, triggering specific actions. 3. Interneurons: Connect sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system, processing and relaying information between different regions of the brain and spinal cord.