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Influenza: Symptoms and More

What is influenza?

Influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and in some cases, can lead to hospitalization and even death.

What are the symptoms of influenza?

The most common symptoms of influenza include:

• Fever or feeling feverish/chills
• Cough
• Sore throat

Other symptoms may include:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Muscle or body aches
• Headaches
• Fatigue (tiredness)
• Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults.

How does influenza spread?

Influenza viruses spread from person to person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. Less often, people can also get influenza by touching something that has the virus on it and then touching their mouth, nose, or eyes.

How can I prevent influenza?

There are a number of things you can do to help prevent influenza, including:

• Get vaccinated every year. The flu vaccine is the best way to protect yourself from influenza.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth.
• Stay home when you are sick.
• Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue or your elbow.
• Clean and disinfect surfaces that may be contaminated with the virus.

How is influenza treated?

Most people with influenza do not need to see a doctor. However, some people, such as those with underlying health conditions, may need to be hospitalized. There are antiviral medications that can be used to treat influenza. These medications are most effective when taken within the first 48 hours of getting sick.

What are the complications of influenza?

Influenza can lead to a number of complications, including:

• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Sinusitis
• Ear infections
• Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)
• Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

In some cases, influenza can lead to death.