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Cushing Disease

Cushing's Disease: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Cushing's Disease?

Cushing's disease is a hormonal disorder characterized by excessive production of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal glands. This overproduction is usually caused by a small, non-cancerous tumor on the pituitary gland, which controls the adrenal glands.

Causes of Cushing's Disease

The primary cause of Cushing's disease is a pituitary tumor that releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH, in turn, signals the adrenal glands to produce cortisol.

In rare cases, Cushing's disease can be caused by ACTH-producing tumors outside the pituitary gland (ectopic ACTH syndrome) or by prolonged use of corticosteroid medications.

Symptoms of Cushing's Disease

Cushing's disease can manifest in a wide range of symptoms, including:

• Weight gain and difficulty losing weight, especially in the face, neck, and abdomen
• Thinning skin with easy bruising
• Delayed wound healing
• Muscle weakness and fatigue
• High blood pressure
• High blood sugar levels
• Mood changes and irritability
• Excessive thirst and urination
• Bone loss and osteoporosis

Diagnosis and Treatment

A doctor may suspect Cushing's disease based on symptoms and physical examination. Diagnosis is confirmed through various tests, including blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies.

Treatment options include:

• Surgery to remove the pituitary tumor
• Radiation therapy to shrink the tumor
• Medication to reduce cortisol production
• Lifestyle changes to manage symptoms